1.
Solid
The characteristic of solid is that
the shape and volume are constant.
2.
Liquid
The characteristics of liquid is
that shape is determined by its container and the volume is constant
The characteristics of gas is that
shape and volume are always determined by its container.
Particle theory
The change of particle
distance couses the changing states of matter.
1.
Solid
The positions of solid
particle are close, in order, and vibrate in their places.
2.
Liquid
The shape of liquid is always changing and the volume is constant.
The intermolecular
force in a liquid is not as strong as in a solid. As result, liquid has the
characteristics as follows:
a.
The shape changes based on itts
container.
b.
It is ablee to flow.
c.
The volume cannot be compressed
(constant).
3.
Gases
The shape and volume of gases are always changing
because the intermolecular force among the particles is extremely weak.
Consequently, gases possess
the following characteristics:
a.
Their particles move freely in every
direction (randomly).
b.
They are able to expand and shrink
(their volume can be compressed).
Cohesien and Adhesion
1.
Cohesion
Cohesion is the
intermolecular force between similar molecules.
The examples of cohesion
are:
a.
The intermolecular force between water
particles.
b.
The intermolecular force between
sugar particles.
2.
Adhesion
Adhesion is the intermolecular
force
between dissimilar molecular.
The
examples of adhesion are:
a.
Face powder on the cheek; there is
an intermolecular force between face powder particles and the person’s cheek.
b.
Water mixed with syrup; there is an
intermolecular force between the water and the syrup particles.
c.
Paint sticking on the wall; there
is an intermolecular force between the paint particles and the wall.
Surface Tension
Intermolecular
force between similar particles (cohesion), produces surface tension on the surface of liquid surface to
strain so that the surface seems to becovered by an elastic layer. To get a
better understanding, you can do the following experiment.
1.
Put a dirty needle that is a bit
greasy on the water’s surface
2.
A needle made of steel has a
density 9 times higer than water. The needle
will float on the water
3.
Put tnhat dirty needle on tissue,
than slowly put it on the water surface.
4.
In a moment , the tissue paper sinks, but the needle is steel
floating.
5.
Pour some detergent (soap) or a few
drops of alcohol into the water.
6.
Then the needle slowly sinks into
the soapy water or water with alcohol.
Capillarity
Capillarity is the phenomenon of the rise and fall of
liquid through thin tubes (capillary tubes).
Example : A wet table can be dried off using a cloth, the capillary tubes in cloth make
water spread to all part of the cloth, until the table is dry.
Capillarity in daily life
Benefit of capillarity :
a.
After a floor is wet with water, we
are able to mop dirty floor. Then the floor is dried using a cloth.
b.
We dry our body using a towel after
taking a bath.
c.
Watering plants. Ground water can
travel up towards the leaves through the xylem.
Disadvantages of capillarity :
a.
The infiltration of rain water into
a wall which dampens the wall can peel off the paint. It can cause the wall to
be covered with moss.
b.
When getting caught in the rain,
our clothes will become wet.
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